George loizou pbpk forex
Mark was looking for ways to rationalize the discussion and found out about a methodology called Life Cycle Assessment LCA. In the early nineties, the Eco-indicator 95 method was developed as the first single score method, which was both embraced and criticized. The Eco-indicator 99 followed and was using the latest scientific assessment models to create the first single score damage oriented impact assessment method.
It also combined 3 different perspectives to acknowledge the fact that there are different views on reality. The ReCiPe method released in combined the endpoint approach of the Eco-indicator method with the midpoint approach of the CML method.
Obviously, the development and implementation of these LCIA methods were not his sole work or achievement, as many others contributed to it. He, however, initiated many of the developments emphasizing his visionary way of thinking.
With the ambition of harmonising different standards and initiatives, Mark Goedkoop also participated in the Guidance for Product Category Rule Development. He has been contributing to the evaluation and provided recommendations to the development of the final Product and Organisation Environmental Footprint Guides developed by the European Commission. Currently, he is involved in the 3-year pilot phase of the development of Environmental Footprint rules.
Throughout his career, Mark Goedkoop has been very active to promote the development, understanding and acceptance of LCA worldwide. With this LTA award, we honour and pay rightful attention to his outstanding and ground breaking achievements in the field of Life Cycle Assessment. Persistent Organic Pollutants POPs have been a topic of environmental chemistry and toxicology since the s.
First, POPs still cause serious environmental impacts and will continue to do so. Emission sources of POPs are active in many countries and need to be identified and eliminated. The global distribution and long-term fate of POPs poses many open questions; it is currently not known if and under what conditions the environmental reservoirs of POPs may be relevant as secondary emission sources.
Moreover, the total number of POPs that need global action is unknown; there might be many more than the 23 POPs currently covered by the Stockholm Convention - but which ones? Finally, how can we determine whether the Stockholm Convention is effective? Does our POPs monitoring have sufficient spatial and temporal coverage? His field of research is hazard and risk assessment for chemicals with a focus on environmental exposure assessment.
Martin Scheringer has developed a suite of multi-media mass-balance models for analyzing the environmental fate of chemicals on various scales from local to global. Key areas of his work are the persistence and long-range transport of chemicals in the environment and the assessment of chemical property data for hazard assessment under REACH. In addition to his research, Martin Scheringer has worked extensively on the science-policy interface.
How do chemicals program an organism during development, making it more susceptible to diseases later in life? If we are to understand this we must dig down into the very basics of life and how genes work. The central dogma that genes flow in a linear fashion from DNA sequence to messenger RNA to protein is clearly too simplistic. One area of molecular biology where new discoveries are made at an astonishing rate is the field of epigenetics.
Epigenetics describes the array of chemical markers and switches that lie along DNA providing instructions to genes for what to do, and where and when to do it. Newfound insights in this field will help us understand how chemicals may alter basic processes in development at levels that may not produce overt toxicity. It is an exciting time in molecular and evolutionary biology, and understanding the role of epigenetics in toxicity is the challenge that now lies with us as environmental toxicologists and chemists.
With a background in environmental toxicology and molecular biology, she has developed test methods to identify the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Her research with zebrafish and in vitro models has expanded to understanding the effects and underlying mechanisms of chemical exposure during development in both fish and in humans. Consumer sovereignty. These principles served the 20th century well. Resources were abundant, waste sinks vast, demand unyielding.
But this is the 21st century. We need to figure how to live within the regenerative capacities of biophysical and social systems. We need to put a brake on endless expansion and consumption. For that, new principles are needed to guide human organization onto a sustainable path. Among them are sufficiency: living well now and into the future by living on less than the most possible now. Thomas Princen will develop the notion of sufficiency grounding it at three levels of behavior—the individual, the organizational, and the societal.
He works on principles for sustainability e. Princen received his Ph. Closing session Thursday 15 May at Auditorium Montreal The scientific programme of the Annual Meeting concludes with a round table discussion of reputed scientists discussing the main themes of the meeting. Each of them will present the state of the science and will highlight the most important findings with regard to the theme presented at the SETAC Europe 24th Annual Meeting in Basel.
His work spans the domains of environmental risk assessment and LCA. Pim Leonards Pim Leonards has a broad interest in the field of environmental chemistry and eco toxicology but also health sciences, and in bridging these fields. Pim is in the editor board of the journal Toxics. Basel Meeting Highlights Digital Game for Ethics Education Virginie Ducrot The cross-cultural and multidisciplinary challenge of sustainability requires a different approach to understanding and teaching ethics than currently dominate classroom and corporate training.
While the ethics of the industrial revolution focused on self-examination at the scale of the individual, sustainability emphasizes interdependence, empathy, and collective responsibility at the larger scale of society. Further, partment we assume that it is instantly spread uniformly use of a breath test on end-expiratory air gives a good throughout the compartment and so there is a single ethanol concentration for each compartment.
Han we denote by periphery. Each compartment is described and P. Doerschuk are with the School of Electrical and Computer Engi- by giving the mass of ethanol in the compartment and neering, Purdue University. Ramchandani is with the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and previously with the Department of the mathematical model for a compartment is a first-order Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine.
The R. Roudebush VA Medical Center. Corresponding author: P. Doerschuk, School of Electrical and Com- interconnections between compartments transport ethanol puter Engineering, Purdue University, Northwestern Avenue, West and blood. The interconnections mimic vascular anatomy Lafayette, IN , doerschu ecn. The periphery compartment The mass flows MGut t and MInfuse t are the external acts as a storage reservoir from which ethanol may enter or inputs to the system and represent the flow of ethanol leave, based upon the gradients between its concentration and from the gut and from a venous infusion, respectively.
The the arterial and venous ethanol concentrations respectively. The metabolism of ethanol. The first a laboratory setting. In this case the mass flow rate of ethanol type is the compartment, where the entering and exiting is added directly to the well-stirred vascular compartment.
In this for the state variable. The FX constants PBPK model elimination of ethanol occurs only in the indicate the fractional of the input that exits on each of the liver compartment, and emulates a single enzyme system exiting edges.
In fact, output directed to the liver and PV for the fraction of the three enzyme systems make up the major ethanol elimination liver-directed cardiac output that is directed through the gut pathways within the liver. However, in vivo determination and the portal vein.
In input fluxes ethanol mass and volume in order to determine addition, elimination from the other compartments is consid- the fluxes ethanol mass and volume on the edge that exits. Since the second and third type of vertices both obey KCL An important part of the model is the transport of ethanol. The generic description of ethanol transport is A. The models described in this paper are roughly similar Equations for the six unknown mass fluxes can be derived to electrical circuits and a graphical description similar to a in terms of the three state variables.
The mass flux from the circuit diagram is useful in understanding what is and what is liver parenchyma out of the system, which is denoted by not included in the model. Such a circuit diagram for a three- MMetab t , is directly determined by MM kinetics: compartment model is shown in Fig. The following constants are IV. Since the liver in the 2-state model does denoted by FL and FPV , respectively, and the fraction of not store ethanol, this is nonphysiological.
The lower limit on ethanol in a vessel or compartment that is transported to a the liver ethanol concentration can be computed as follows. In the example the model is driven by an oral input III. MCap t and RCap represent the characteristics of ure 1 b. The major feature of this simulation is the fact that the capillary bed between the arterial side MP t and RP the liver concentration exceeds the vascular concentration and the venous side MVC t and RVC.
Insert and the anomalous behavior of the standard PBPK model. A complete three compartment model is shown. Panel b shows PBPK variable trajectories for the pulse oral input. The three two state variables for the three- two- state model are plotted.
Plawecki, R. DeCarlo, V. Ramchandani, and S. Ramchandani, T. Li, M. Plawecki, and S. Modeling advances as described in this paper are central [8] P. Kwo, V. Ramchandani, B. Sandhagen, L. Bratteby, to determining mathematical models for individual subjects J. Gabrielsson, A. Jones, H. Fan, and R. Using such models it will be possible to design pp.
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